Plate Tectonics.

Plate Tectonics is an extraordinary concept. Scientists have a theory that Millions of years ago, the whole planet earth was one giant piece of land called "Pangaea". Over Millions of years, magma has been pushing and pushing the continents apart, so now we are seven continents.They think the theory may be real because how is it possible that the animals on Africa, are found in South America? The Tectonic Plates are composed of two types of lithosphere which are, thicker continental and thin oceanic.Basically there are there types of plate boundaries. 
They are, Transform Boundaries(conservative)occur when the two plates slide. There are Divergent Boundaries, which happen when two plates slide apart from each other, and there is convergent boundaries, they happen when two plates slide towards each other commonly forming a subduction zone. There are so many amazing things about plate tectonics and scientists have a long way to go to find out more great things!!

Illizis Elephant – Saharan Algeria

Natural disasters

Natural disasters, Wow.
They are awesome but scary. There are so many different types of Natural Disasters. Disasters occur when" hazards meet vulnerability".
Disasters are caused by human activities that disrupt the normal environment.
Some types of Natural Disasters are :
-volcanic eruptions            -thunderstorms 
-Heatwaves
-landslides
-hurricanes
-forest fires
-floods
-earthquakes
-tornados
-tsunamis
They are natural and we can't stop them, they may cause losses of lives, but its just what the earth wants.  

Composition, melt structure and properties.

Silicate melts are composed mainly of silicon, oxygen, aluminium, alkalis (sodium, potassium, calcium), magnesium and iron. Silicon atoms are in tetrahedral coordination with oxygen, as in almost all silicate minerals, but in melts atomic order is preserved only over short distances. The physical behaviours of melts depend upon their atomic structures as well as upon temperature and pressure and composition.
Viscosity is a key melt property in understanding the behaviour of magmas. More silica-rich melts are typically more polymerized, with more linkage of silica tetrahedra, and so are more viscous. Dissolution of water drastically reduces melt viscosity. Higher-temperature melts are less viscous.

 

Although now covered by forest the mountains around Panguipulli Lake in Chile were once magma that crystallized deep in earth's crust, now these magmatic bodies form the Panguipulli Batholith.

Magma.

Is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and dissolved gas and sometimes also gas bubbles. Magma often collects in magma chambers that may feed a volcano or turn into a pluton.

Lava flow on Hawaii. Lava is the extrusive equivalent of magma.

The protection of the ultraviolet rays.

Good night.